
Sponge cities are urban areas designed to absorb, store, filter, and reuse rainwater through green infrastructure, wetlands, permeable surfaces, and sustainable drainage systems. Instead of rapidly channeling stormwater away through pipes, sponge cities work with natural water cycles to reduce flooding, improve water quality, recharge groundwater, and increase climate resilience. Cities are facing two contradictory…
Commentary

Wet ponds and infiltration basins are a common feature of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) and are widely used in urban drainage design to manage stormwater and rainwater runoff, as well as promote sustainable drainage practices. Ponds and infiltration basins are two of the most effective strategies in sustainable drainage design, offering multiple benefits beyond simple…
Storm, sewer, flood