According to GRESB’s 2022 data (the global ESG benchmark for real-estate financial products), 2025 is the estimated average expiration date for the market attractiveness of offices worldwide in terms of meeting CRREM (Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor) energy efficiency standards. In other words, as we move toward net-zero emissions by 2050, the market value of a building that does not achieve the required energy efficiency rating is likely to decrease. It's vital the building sector adopts circular economy principles, moving away from the linear "take, make, dispose" model toward a more sustainable and regenerative approach that prioritizes resource efficiency, reuse, and recycling. Digital twins support the operational phase of a building and develop into digital logbooks, which is crucial at end of life because its help ensure safe and sustainable decommissioning/repurposing, preserves valuable information, and supports compliance with regulations and standards.