{"id":9675,"date":"2018-08-30T06:52:37","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T13:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/?p=9675"},"modified":"2018-09-12T10:13:13","modified_gmt":"2018-09-12T17:13:13","slug":"speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/","title":{"rendered":"Speeds and Feeds for New CNC Machinists"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>Feeds and Speeds: What Every New CNC Machinist Needs to Know<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9676\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9676\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9676\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/1-cnc_mill-e1531408475124.jpg\" alt=\"man watching CNC mill while wearing safety glasses safe\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/1-cnc_mill-e1531408475124.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/1-cnc_mill-e1531408475124-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9676\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image courtesy of LeadersHub.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feeds and speeds: they can make or break a job, and usually a tool or two. When dialed in properly, the right settings can lead to increased material removal rates, a surface finish that meets requirements without hand work, and increased tool longevity. So what\u2019s the magic sauce to figure out your perfect feeds and speeds? Let us know if you find out.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seriously though, there\u2019s no cookie cutter answer to finding the right feeds and speeds. The ideal feeds and speeds can depend on \u00a0numerous variables that are hard to control, including but certainly not limited to:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rigidity and grip of tool holders<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rigidity and grip of workholding <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Material<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tool material, geometry, and coating<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine rigidity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine spindle horsepower and torque at different RPM<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clearly, this is a complicated problem with many variables. Feeds and speeds that might have worked great on one job may not work out for another. The good news is there are some general guidelines and starting points that can help you reach optimal feeds and speeds without as many growing pains.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My first piece of advice is to reach out to your tool\u2019s supplier. At worst, it\u2019s a great place to start and refine from. Check out your manufacturer\u2019s website, or even make a connection with your tool sales rep. They\u2019re loaded with knowledge, and these relationships can be invaluable over the years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10228\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10228\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10228\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-tools.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-tools.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-tools-300x226.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10228\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image courtesy of Harvey Tool.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Theoretical Feeds and Speeds<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next, let\u2019s get into some of the basic variables and how they relate to each other. Feeds specifically refers to the <\/span><b>feed rate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the tool advances through the material while speed refers to the <\/span><b>surface speed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the cutting edge of the tool is moving and is needed to calculate the spindle RPM. Feed is generally measured in Inches Per Minute (IPM) and speed is measured in Surface Feet per Minute (SFM). A feed of 10 IPM would drive a tool 10 inches in one minute. If you took an end mill and rolled it along the floor like a tire at 100 SFM it would travel 100 feet in one minute. Some other key terms include <\/span><b>spindle speed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, measured in Rotations Per Minute (RPM) and <\/span><b>chip load<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is the amount the tool advanced or moves per cutting tooth per revolution..<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These all relate to each other through some relatively basic equations. They can look a little intimidating at first, but knowing how these parameters relate to each other is a good foundation to understanding feeds and speeds. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equation 1 Speed: <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10226\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/speed-eq-W-UNITS.png\" alt=\"spindle rpm = (surface speed * 3.82) \/ tool diameter (inches)\" width=\"451\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/speed-eq-W-UNITS.png 818w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/speed-eq-W-UNITS-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/speed-eq-W-UNITS-768x128.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equation 2 Feed:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/feed-eq-W-UNITS.png\" alt=\"feed rate = spindle speed * chip load * # flutes\" width=\"591\" height=\"48\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/feed-eq-W-UNITS.png 1056w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/feed-eq-W-UNITS-300x24.png 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/feed-eq-W-UNITS-1024x83.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/feed-eq-W-UNITS-768x63.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the above equations, you could calculate the theoretically ideal feed rate and spindle RPM given the surface speed, tool flute count, and desired chip load. This seems a bit counterintuitive, but remember the material and the tool are the only \u201cknowns,\u201d and the starting surface speed is based on the material and the tool material. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have \u201cgeneric\u201d tooling with no suggested cutting parameters, here are some good starting surface speeds to give you a good idea of where to begin:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Imperial Surface Speeds<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10224\" style=\"width: 659px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10224\" class=\"wp-image-10224\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-surface-speed-table.png\" alt=\"surface speed table\" width=\"649\" height=\"118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-surface-speed-table.png 1694w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-surface-speed-table-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-surface-speed-table-1024x186.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-surface-speed-table-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-surface-speed-table-1536x279.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10224\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>All surface speeds in surface feet\/minute, or SFM.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Metric Surface Speeds<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10311\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10311\" class=\" wp-image-10311\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/6-surface-speed-table-METRIC-1024x197.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/6-surface-speed-table-METRIC-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/6-surface-speed-table-METRIC-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/6-surface-speed-table-METRIC-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/6-surface-speed-table-METRIC-1536x296.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/6-surface-speed-table-METRIC.png 1682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10311\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>All surface speeds in meters per minute.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now that we went through all those equations, the good news is that it\u2019s unlikely that you\u2019ll have to do any of that math by hand. Modern CAM tools like Fusion 360 do all the math for you. You just enter two of the desired parameters and the computer does the rest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Listen, Record, and Learn<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My last piece of advice is to listen closely as you run that job for the first time. You\u2019ll be able to hear poor cutting well before you see it. Chatter is generally a result of poor rigidity, and often lowering RPM can reduce it. So, use your machine\u2019s feed and spindle speed overrides to adjust here and there to find the sweet spots. Be sure to record what works &#8211; and what doesn\u2019t. This will help you dial in &#8211; literally &#8211; to the ideal ranges for your tools, machine, and standard workholdings. So listen, adjust, record your findings, and learn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10227\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-tim-at-haas-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"operator at a haas mill\" width=\"601\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-tim-at-haas-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-tim-at-haas-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-tim-at-haas-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-tim-at-haas-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-tim-at-haas-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This blog touched on the most basic of basics when it comes to feeds and speeds; just the first steps along the way to building your own knowledge. Be sure to at a minimum look up the recommended feeds and speeds from your tool manufacturer, and I can\u2019t state enough how valuable it can be to build a relationship with your tools sales representative. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ready to put your speeds and feeds knowledge to work? <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/overview\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try Fusion 360 for free today!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn the fundamentals of speeds and feeds for CNC milling and drilling including cutting speed (SFM), feed rate (IPM), chip load, and speed\/feed formulas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1894,"featured_media":10229,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-9675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fusion","dhig-theme--light"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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Fusion Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/featured-image.jpg","datePublished":"2018-08-30T13:52:37+00:00","dateModified":"2018-09-12T17:13:13+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/667bff6d55b30422effdbdb4f3c0877f"},"description":"Learn the fundamentals of speeds and feeds for CNC milling and drilling including cutting speed (SFM), feed rate (IPM), chip load, and speed\/feed formulas.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/featured-image.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/featured-image.jpg","width":2519,"height":1568},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/speeds-feeds-new-cnc-machinists\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Speeds and Feeds for New CNC Machinists"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/","name":"Fusion Blog","description":"Product updates, tips, tutorials and community news.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/667bff6d55b30422effdbdb4f3c0877f","name":"Marti Deans","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Marti-1-150x150.jpg99ef33b5828b3465091d7bf7166badc1","url":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Marti-1-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Marti-1-150x150.jpg","caption":"Marti Deans"},"description":"Marti graduated from University of California, Berkeley where she earned her B.S. Mechanical Engineering and explored manual and CNC manufacturing processes in the Berkeley Student Machine Shop using MasterCAM, HSMWorks, and InventorHSM. 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