{"id":26789,"date":"2021-12-08T06:58:39","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T14:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/?p=26789"},"modified":"2025-05-09T10:58:06","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T17:58:06","slug":"machining-fundamentals-introduction-to-speeds-and-feeds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/machining-fundamentals-introduction-to-speeds-and-feeds\/","title":{"rendered":"Machining Fundamentals: Intro to Speeds and Feeds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We created the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLmA_xUT-8UlIgb8kWsg3L5OA2I9JxI1gc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Machining Fundamentals<\/a>\u00a0series to help you brush up on your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/computer-aided-manufacturing-beginners\/\">CAM<\/a>\u00a0knowledge, whether you work in a machine shop or are just getting started. In-house machinists at our Birmingham Technology Center host each episode and provide a detailed overview of a tool\/process. In the last edition, we covered\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/machining-fundamentals-introduction-work-coordinate-system-wcs\/\">Work Coordinate System (WCS)<\/a>. Here we introduce speeds and feeds \u2014 what they are and how to set your own values in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/campaigns\/fusion-360\/advanced-manufacturing-departments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fusion<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<?php\nfunction autodesk_fusion_cta_horizontal() {\n    ob_start();\n    ?>\n    <style>\n        .cta-section-horizontal {\n            background: #ddd; \/* Much lighter grey background *\/\n            padding: 12px; \/* Adjusted padding *\/\n            border-radius: 8px;\n            box-shadow: 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n            color: #333; \/* Darker text color for better readability *\/\n            display: flex;\n            align-items: center;\n            justify-content: space-between;\n            max-width: 650px; \/* Width adjusted for a more compact look *\/\n            margin: 20px auto;\n            position: relative;\n            flex-wrap: nowrap; \/* Prevent wrapping *\/\n        }\n\n        .cta-section-horizontal img {\n            width: 60px; \/* Slightly larger logo *\/\n            height: auto; \/* Maintain aspect ratio *\/\n            margin-right: 12px; \/* Adjusted spacing *\/\n            background-color: #ddd; \/* Match the background color *\/\n            padding: 6px; \/* Adjusted padding *\/\n            border-radius: 8px; \/* Slightly rounding to match container *\/\n            box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ddd; \/* Blend with background *\/\n        }\n\n        .cta-text {\n            flex: 1;\n            margin-right: 12px; \/* Adjusted spacing *\/\n        }\n\n        .cta-title {\n            font-size: 18px; \/* Slightly larger title font size *\/\n            font-weight: bold; \/* Bold title *\/\n            color: #f9a825; \/* Orange color *\/\n            margin-bottom: 4px; \/* Reduced margin *\/\n        }\n\n        .cta-info {\n            display: none; \/* Hide description *\/\n        }\n\n        .cta-buttons {\n            display: flex;\n            gap: 8px; \/* Adjusted button spacing *\/\n            align-items: center;\n        }\n\n        .cta-button {\n            padding: 8px 12px; \/* Button padding *\/\n            font-size: 12px; \/* Smaller font size for buttons *\/\n            font-weight: bold;\n            text-transform: uppercase;\n            border-radius: 4px; \/* Slightly rounded corners *\/\n            border: 2px solid transparent;\n            cursor: pointer;\n            transition: all 0.3s ease;\n            display: inline-flex; \/* Use inline-flex to ensure proper alignment *\/\n            align-items: center; \/* Center align text vertically *\/\n            justify-content: center; \/* Center align text horizontally *\/\n            text-decoration: none !important; \/* Ensure no underlines with !important *\/\n            color: inherit; \/* Use the button's text color *\/\n        }\n\n        .cta-button.white-button {\n            background-color: #fff;\n            color: #333;\n            border: 2px solid #ddd;\n        }\n\n        .cta-button.white-button:hover {\n            background-color: #333;\n            color: #fff;\n            border: 2px solid #f9a825;\n        }\n\n        .cta-button.black-button {\n            background-color: #f9a825;\n            color: #fff;\n            border: 2px solid #f9a825;\n        }\n\n        .cta-button.black-button:hover {\n            background-color: #fff;\n            color: #f9a825;\n            border: 2px solid #fff;\n        }\n    <\/style>\n\n    <div class=\"cta-section-horizontal\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/autodesk-fusion-product-icon-400.png\" alt=\"Autodesk Fusion Logo\">\n        <div class=\"cta-text\">\n            <h1 class=\"cta-title\">Elevate your design and manufacturing processes with Autodesk Fusion<\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"cta-buttons\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/trial-intake-flow\" class=\"cta-button white-button\">Get a 30-Day Free Trial<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/extensions\" class=\"cta-button black-button\">See Plans and Pricing<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <?php\n    return ob_get_clean();\n}\nadd_shortcode('autodesk_fusion_cta_horizontal', 'autodesk_fusion_cta_horizontal');\n?>\n\n\n\n<p>The phrase\u00a0speeds and feeds\u00a0refers to two separate\u00a0velocities\u00a0in\u00a0machine tool\u00a0practice,\u00a0cutting speed\u00a0and\u00a0feed rate. They are often considered a pair because of their combined effect on the cutting process. Each, however, can also be considered and analyzed in its own right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To start, we\u2019ll define speeds and feeds. Then we\u2019ll explore why it\u2019s important to get these values right and what happens if we get them wrong. Finally, we\u2019ll look at how you can set your own speeds and feeds values and where we can find that information.<\/p>\n\n\n<?xml encoding=\"utf-8\" ?><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Machining Fundamentals: Feeds and Speeds\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g51rl4UvjCw?list=PLmA_xUT-8UlIgb8kWsg3L5OA2I9JxI1gc\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen style=\"aspect-ratio:500 \/ 281;width:100%;height:auto;\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-speeds\">What are speeds?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u201cSpeed\u201d refers to surface speed, measured in meters per minute. Surface speed is then converted to revolutions per minute (rpm), which gives us the S code to run on our machine. That gives us the rpm at which our cutting tool will spin. If a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/machining-fundamentals-introduction-milling-tools\/\">milling tool<\/a> turns once every second, our tool is running at 60 rpm. \u201cTurning\u201d is the opposite, but it\u2019s the same concept\u2014our workpiece turns, and our cutting tool remains stationary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/free-trial?mktvar002=4333583001|ORG|&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=other&amp;utm_campaign=4333583dmblogf360&amp;utm_id=4333583001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Autodesk Fusion<\/a> software contains our main speeds for our cutting spindle and ramp spindle. There are frequently two different speeds for both. A different side of the cut will mean that optimal spindle speeds will differ both for operations ramping and for normal cutting. For example, we may want a faster spindle speed for ramping. But this speed isn\u2019t the best option for our cutting spindle, as this may burn the tool too quickly or provide an undesired surface finish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed1-1024x562.png\" alt=\"cnc-machining-speeds-spindle\" class=\"wp-image-26801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed1-1024x562.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed1-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed1-768x422.png 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A look at spindle speeds inside Fusion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-feeds\">What are feeds?<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed3-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"cnc-machining-feedrates\" class=\"wp-image-26816\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed3-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed3-355x200.jpg 355w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed3.jpg 1281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Setting different feed rates in Fusion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>First, let\u2019s look at the cutting feed rate. Our cutting feed rate will take effect when the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/machining-fundamentals-introduction-milling-tools\/\">tool<\/a> is traveling on the blue toolpath. These are our cutting moves. Our lead-in and lead-out feed rates are the green toolpaths. These feed rates may differ from your cutting feed rate. For example, we might machine a tough material, causing us to worry about chipping or breaking our tool upon entry. We must slow the tool with the lead moves to adjust for this concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also have a ramping feed rate, which is the red toolpath. Just like the lead-in and lead-out feed rates, we may slow the tool for this move because it\u2019s more aggressive and may cause damage. The options for different feed rates are all there so that you can make your toolpath as efficient as possible. The feed rate we set for our ramping may be slower than our cutting feed rate. If we program them to the same value, we may lose valuable cycle time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now let\u2019s look at our plunge feed rate. This feed rate determines how fast our tool moves vertically through the air. However, in the case of drilling, this value determines the feed rate at which we drill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we have our material removal rate. People frequently underestimate the potential of their cutting tools because they don\u2019t explore them with the manufacturer\u2019s manuals in hand. Dig into your manual; you may be running your cutting tool 30% below its potential. You don\u2019t want to lose valuable cycle time and money\u2014it\u2019s always important to see how far you can push the cutting tools.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-are-speeds-and-feeds-important\">Why are speeds and feeds important?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>There are several reasons why these values are important. First, they greatly influence a tool\u2019s lifespan. Effects of bad speeds and feeds aren\u2019t as apparent on softer materials (such as aluminum or resin) as they are on harder materials because there\u2019s a wider margin for error. With materials like titanium or Inconel, there\u2019s less room for error. If the values of the feeds and speeds are slightly off, our tool may break more rapidly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another reason these values are important is that they affect the surface finish. If we don\u2019t align our speeds and feeds correctly, we won\u2019t get the desired results. If we run our feed rate too fast or our spindle speed too fast, we\u2019ll end up with chatter marks on the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"setting-speeds-and-feeds-values\">Setting speeds and feeds values<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Set your speeds and feeds parameters through operation. You can input individual values into each toolpath. A more efficient way is to use the <strong>Cutting Data<\/strong> tab inside the <strong>Tool Library<\/strong>. You can store presets to automate the input of your feeds and speeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed2-1-1024x572.png\" alt=\"cnc-machining-speeds-feeds-presets-values\" class=\"wp-image-26811\" style=\"width:840px;height:469px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed2-1-1024x572.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed2-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed2-1-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Feed2-1.png 1281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Storing presents in the tool library<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if I use this tool on a few different materials and use it for other operations\u2014such as roughing and finishing\u2014I can create a preset to store the feeds and speeds values for each scenario in Fusion. When it\u2019s time to choose the parameters, I select the desired preset from the drop-down list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For milling, you need to identify your tool first. With the make and model of the tool, you can find the manufacturer-provided surface speed. The surface speed depends on the tool\u2019s material, the material to be cut, and the operation you\u2019re performing with that tool. When you locate the manufacturer\u2019s recommended surface speed, you can input this speed into Autodesk Fusion, which will give you an rpm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to remember the art of the variables involved. Are you using coolant? How far is your tool sticking out? Is your work holding rigid? Consider all of these factors when setting your feeds and speeds. Your feed rate will be determined by your recommended feed per tooth, the amount of cutting edges on your tool, and the rpm. Again, the tool\u2019s manufacturer should provide this information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you\u2019ve input your tool data and appropriate rpm into Autodesk Fusion, you then input your feed per tooth. This will give you a cutting feed rate value, which is the F code used on your machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Get started with Autodesk Fusion for a truly integrated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/integrated-cad-cam-software-benefits\/\">CAD\/CAM<\/a> experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We created the\u00a0Machining Fundamentals\u00a0series to help you brush up on your\u00a0CAM\u00a0knowledge, whether you work in a machine shop or are just getting started. In-house machinists at our Birmingham Technology Center host each episode and provide a detailed overview of a tool\/process. In the last edition, we covered\u00a0Work Coordinate System (WCS). Here we introduce speeds and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":193,"featured_media":26816,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[52,143],"coauthors":[576],"class_list":["post-26789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-machining","tag-cam","tag-manufacturing","dhig-theme--light"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Machining Fundamentals: Intro to Speeds and Feeds - Fusion Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Speeds and feeds are fundamental to machining. 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