{"id":17616,"date":"2017-02-22T08:00:11","date_gmt":"2017-02-22T16:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/blog\/?p=439"},"modified":"2023-09-27T11:57:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T18:57:30","slug":"what-is-electricity-explained-so-simply-even-your-mom-can-understand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/what-is-electricity-explained-so-simply-even-your-mom-can-understand\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Electricity? Explained So Simply, Even Your Mom Can Understand"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-electricity-explained-so-simply-even-your-mom-can-understand\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Is Electricity? Explained So Simply, Even Your Mom Can Understand<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disclaimer: My mom is absolutely awful when it comes to using anything in technology. She still calls her WIFI router a rotor, for reasons unknown to me. But I don\u2019t bother correcting her anymore, just for the extra laughs in life. So I figured, what better person to try to explain electricity to than my mom? After all, they say if you can\u2019t account for a concept simply enough that a five-year-old can understand, then you really don\u2019t get it at all.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electricity is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">everywhere<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> you look, and everywhere you don\u2019t look. It\u2019s in your body, cruising through your electrical system and your brain, allowing you to read this blog. And looking externally, you\u2019re bound to find something within arm\u2019s reach that was made possible thanks to electricity.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electricity is the phantom of the physical world, much like the wind, doing unseen things in the background, away from our physically-focused eyes. And it\u2019s this reason alone that I find electricity so darn fascinating. As <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/billnye.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bill Nye<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> once said, \u201cWe live in an electric world.\u201d So here it is, for anyone that has ever wanted to know what electricity is, we explain it so simply, that even your mom can understand.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"its-like-a-school-dance-the-building-blocks-of-electricity\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s Like a School Dance &#8211; The Building Blocks of Electricity<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electricity can be broken down into some very simple, natural elements. The biggest of which is the atom. Atoms are everything. They\u2019re in your morning latte, in your hair, and even your toilet. When atoms get packed together, they form the physical things that make up our world. To make an atom, you need three essential ingredients &#8211; a proton, neutron, and electron.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-441\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/atom.gif\" alt=\"what-is-an-atom\" class=\"wp-image-441\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The Atom: building block of everything.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confused? Remember that first school dance you attended in elementary school? That lovely period in time when boys were terrified of girls, cowering in the corner to avoid getting cooties. It\u2019s a great analogy to understand how an atom works. Here\u2019s the cast we\u2019ll be working with<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Neil &#8211;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> He\u2019s a neutron, which in the world of electricity has a neutral charge or no charge. He still thinks girls are kind of gross. <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polly &#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She\u2019s a proton, which is positively charged. She has a huge crush on Neil and is going to force him to dance with her. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Teachers &#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> They\u2019re negatively charged! They like to hover around the dance floor, moving from kid to kid, making sure nothing funny is going on.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As this trio hits the dance floor, electricity starts to happen. Neil and Polly start doing an awkward slow dance together, trying to avoid each other\u2019s feet. This neutral neutron and positive proton dance happens at the center of every atom you look at; they\u2019re inseparable.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Across the room is Mr. Tice, weaving his way through the crowd with a disapproving look on his face. Mr. Tice is a negatively charged electron, never staying attached to one proton and neutron couple for long before going off to investigating the next potential crisis on the dance floor.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This dance right here is electricity in its most basic form. If you can imagine the camera on this scene looking from a top-down perspective, you\u2019d see groups of Neils and Pollys huddled together, with teachers moving about from group to group. It\u2019s all about those electrons, protons, and neutrons, fit snugly together in an atom!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-442\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"electricity-in-the-atom\" class=\"wp-image-442\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Look at those electron teachers go! The dance of electricity in the atom.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you wanted to strap a definition onto electricity, you could say that it\u2019s the <\/span><b>flow of electrical charge. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But how in the world does electricity flow? And what is an electrical charge? <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"opposites-attract-understanding-electrical-charge\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opposites Attract &#8211; Understanding Electrical Charge<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrical charge is just a fancy term for the attraction of opposites. Remember our electrons and protons from earlier? They\u2019re negatively and positively charged. Or opposites.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Opposites attract each other &#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Positively charged protons will always seek out their negatively charged electron counterparts.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Likes repel each other<\/strong> &#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Put two positively charged protons together, and you\u2019ll get the opposite effect, with the protons propelling away from each other to find their electrons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At every moment of every waking hour, there\u2019s a proton out there seeking its oppositely charged electron in the world. And here\u2019s where the magic happens. As electrons move from atom to atom seeking out new protons, you create what\u2019s called a <\/span><b><i>current<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. And this is how electricity is made, <\/span><b>from the simple movement of electrons.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-443\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/519fcd42ce395f804c000000.gif\" alt=\"movement-of-electrons\" class=\"wp-image-443\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Here\u2019s the free flow of electrons, from proton to proton, looking for a match.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In electronics, you\u2019ll see these electrons dancing in copper wires all over the place, flowing down a wire to power your smartphone, laptop, car, and the virtually unlimited number of gadgets and gizmos that we have at our disposal these days. But wait, you might be asking why electricity only flows through certain things. You can\u2019t power your phone in a bowl of Jello, and electricity comes from that very specific hole in the wall, so what\u2019s the deal?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"electrons-are-picky-electrical-conductivity\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrons Are Picky &#8211; Electrical Conductivity<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrons are a selective bunch, and you won\u2019t find electricity flowing through just any kind of material. In the world of electronics, this is called <\/span><b><i>conductivity<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You likely have a smartphone, so this should be pretty easy to understand. Pull out your charging cable, it\u2019s made out of rubber, right? That was done for a very particular reason.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rubber, like other materials including glass, plastic, and even air, are called <\/span><b><i>insulators<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These insulators serve a super important purpose; they keep you from getting shocked or electrocuted! Electrons don\u2019t like insulators, and won\u2019t waste their time flowing through them.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There isn\u2019t just rubber inside that charging cable of yours. Inside you\u2019ll find a strand of copper wire. This material, including others like silver and gold, are called<\/span><b><i> conductors<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Electrons love to fly down conductors, zipping right into your smartphone to get your battery back up to a full charge. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-444\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/conductor.jpg\" alt=\"insulators-and-conductors\" class=\"wp-image-444\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A simple perspective on how insulators and conductors work together in a wire.<\/em><br><em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineersblogsite.com\/electrical-conductivity.html\">Image source<\/a>)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now you understand that electricity is made up of atoms, and it\u2019s the flow of electrons that makes electricity. But where exactly does electricity come from? It doesn\u2019t just magically appear.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pumping-it-up-how-electricity-is-made\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pumping It Up &#8211; How Electricity is Made<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While electricity is floating all around us, turning it into a form that\u2019s usable for making your espresso machine or water heater work is another matter altogether. First, you need some kind of fuel source. Just like you use gas to power your car, you need to gather some natural resources including coal, gas, wind, or energy from the sun to feed the power plants that make your electricity.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regardless of what kind of resource you use, the result is all the same, to power giant turbine, which is a huge spinning machine with a set of <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.instructables.com\/id\/How-to-build-a-generator\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">magnets and copper inside<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Within this turbine, a magnet goes round and round, sending a bunch of free electrons down a massive copper wire.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-445\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/Dampfturbine_Laeufer01.jpg\" alt=\"steam-turbine\" class=\"wp-image-445\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Turbines are massive! Here\u2019s just a small part of a steam turbine used in a power plant. (Image courtesy of Siemens, Germany)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All of those electrons then travel miles down electric power cables, winding up at your home to be used however you please. Now how does all of that electricity actually bring all of our electronics to life?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"its-alive-electric-current-and-circuits\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s Alive! &#8211; Electric Current and Circuits<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you ever plan to tinker with electronics, then you\u2019ll only be dealing with one type of electricity &#8211; current electricity. This is the kind of electricity that comes out of the wall socket in your house, providing the needed juice to power your appliances, computers, lights, and so on. So how does all of this current electricity make your stuff work? Through the magic of a <\/span><b><i>circuit<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A circuit is just a fancy name for a complete path. Think of it this way &#8211; electrons need to be able to flow in a continuous loop without any interruption. Otherwise, things like your fridge or laptop would shut off and not work. Remember all the times you\u2019ve flick a light switch on and off throughout the day? You\u2019ve been working with a circuit for years! By flicking the switch on, you\u2019re providing a complete path for electrons to flow into your light bulb and out the other side.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or maybe you just tossed a new pair of batteries into your Xbox One controller? That\u2019s another circuit at work, with the battery acting as the power source for the circuit. Circuits can get pretty darn complicated, but here\u2019s a really simple example to show you how it all works to power a lamp with a battery:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/led-circuit-1.jpg\" alt=\"led-simple-circuit\" class=\"wp-image-446\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can see in the image above, all of the negatively charged electrons from our battery want to get to the positive side of the circuit to unite with their beloved protons. To make this journey, the electrons first have to flow through a switch.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But wait, there\u2019s a problem! The circuit isn\u2019t flowing right now because the switch isn\u2019t turned on. By pressing this switch down as show below, the circuit is now complete, and electrons can continue flowing, finally turning on the lamp, and uniting with their beloved, positive protons.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/circuit.jpg\" alt=\"closed-led-circuit\" class=\"wp-image-447\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A quick side note &#8211; in the circuit above we have what\u2019s called Direct Current (DC) at work, where the electrons only flow in one direction. There\u2019s also Alternating Current (AC), where electrons flow back and forth in alternating directions. We\u2019ll be covering all of this in detail in another blog post!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recap\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recap<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s what we covered:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>The Atom. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We first talked about the basic building blocks of electricity in the form of an atom. Remember our school dance? You\u2019ve got your positive proton girls, neutral neutron boys, and negative electron teachers. <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Electrical Charge. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next, we learned how protons and electrons come together to create an electrical charge. Just remember &#8211; opposites attract. And once an electron starts moving from atom to atom, electricity starts to happen. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conductivity. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrons are a picky bunch, and they won\u2019t flow through everything. Remember that smartphone charging cable? It has both an insulator (rubber), on the outside that keeps you from getting shocked, and a conductor (copper) on the inside that electrons love. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Making Electricity. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making electricity that gets delivered to your house is no easy task, and we learned about some of the natural resources required to make it all happen with the help of a turbine, magnets, and some copper wire. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Current and Circuits. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lastly, we learned about the type of electricity you\u2019ll deal with in electronics, called current electricity. This current electricity flows in a complete path, called a circuit, to power all of your gadgets at home!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"are-you-shocked\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are You Shocked?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s electricity, in a nutshell. Hopefully, it all makes sense now. We even challenge you to show your mom this blog post to see what she thinks of it! If this is just the beginning of your journey into electronics, then welcome aboard. Learning about this stuff is a strange and fascinating journey, and if you ever wanted to be considered a wizard amongst your group of friends, then you\u2019re in the right place.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Start your first your circuit today. &nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/free-download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Download EAGLE for free.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Just beginning your journey in electronics? It all starts with electricity. You might learn some shocking stuff inside. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2425,"featured_media":440,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-17616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eagle","dhig-theme--light"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is Electricity? | EAGLE | Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Curious about what electricity is, and how it works? 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