{"id":14798,"date":"2020-11-05T09:00:05","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T17:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/?p=14798"},"modified":"2020-12-03T07:58:57","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T15:58:57","slug":"cad-cam-lidar-autonomous-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/cad-cam-lidar-autonomous-vehicles\/","title":{"rendered":"The Role of CAD and CAM in LiDAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Smart-Car-Autonomous-Self-dri-270700630-1024x669.jpg\" alt=\"autonomous-car-lidar\" class=\"wp-image-14801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Smart-Car-Autonomous-Self-dri-270700630-1024x669.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Smart-Car-Autonomous-Self-dri-270700630-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Smart-Car-Autonomous-Self-dri-270700630-768x502.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Smart-Car-Autonomous-Self-dri-270700630-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Smart-Car-Autonomous-Self-dri-270700630.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advancements in LiDAR product design will likely become a key factor in separating <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/autonomous-driving-and-lidar-sensor-technology\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">connected and autonomous vehicles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (CAVs) from the competition. Over the past few years, major players including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/apple-next-10-years-iphone-smart-glasses-self-driving-cars-2019-11\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apple<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/investing\/052014\/how-googles-selfdriving-car-will-change-everything.asp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tesla.com\/autopilot\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tesla<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have deployed test fleets across the United States. The industry will only continue to get more competitive, and more use cases for the technology will surely arrive. With an expected market valuation of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alliedmarketresearch.com\/autonomous-vehicle-market\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">roughly $556.67 million by 2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, CAV manufacturers could encounter numerous challenges in lockstep with scaled production \u2014 especially as optimization and cost efficiency become paramount.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accordingly, the complex sensors, laser technology, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/category\/electrical\/\">electrical<\/a> systems within high-resolution LiDAR units \u2014&nbsp;including those within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/autonomous-driving-and-lidar-sensor-technology\/\">autonomous vehicles<\/a> and even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/preparing-5g-future\/\">mobile devices<\/a> \u2014 must function reliably and harmoniously, as safe operation is immensely important. Thankfully, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/fusion-360-machine-chess-piece\/\">CAD\/CAM<\/a> have made (and will continue to make) LiDAR innovation possible moving forward.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"form-factor-considerations\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Form Factor Considerations<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Autonomous-Self-driving-Electr-271109410-1024x600.jpg\" alt=\"self-driving-car-lidar-sensors\" class=\"wp-image-14802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Autonomous-Self-driving-Electr-271109410-1024x600.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Autonomous-Self-driving-Electr-271109410-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Autonomous-Self-driving-Electr-271109410-768x450.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Autonomous-Self-driving-Electr-271109410-1536x900.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-Autonomous-Self-driving-Electr-271109410.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The earliest LiDAR systems were large in size, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.voyage.auto\/an-introduction-to-lidar-the-key-self-driving-car-sensor-a7e405590cff\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weighing upwards of 45kg and spanning 76cm in diameter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hardware consolidation has since made these systems progressively more compact. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/velodynelidar.com\/products\/puck\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Velodyne\u2019s LiDAR PUCK<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/autonomoustuff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/LiDAR_Comparison.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">measures a diminutive 7.2cm x 10.3cm<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The PUCK and PUCK Lite weigh 830g and 590g, respectively, without any notable differences between them. This suggests two things:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Designers can put a large amount of sensory technology into one package without compromising functionality and while still remaining high quality.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Materials can be adapted to fit weight-sensitive applications.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Velodyne certainly isn\u2019t the only company in the LiDAR space. Companies like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibeo-as.com\/en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IBEO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/skylum.com\/luminar\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luminar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have introduced models that negate that footprint-capability tradeoff. So, how do manufacturers get there? Likely through the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/free-trial\">CAD and CAM software<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"designing-the-perfect-enclosurenbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Designing the Perfect Enclosure <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A LiDAR system\u2019s overall design asks a few things of its enclosure. It must be strong to ward off scratching and chipping from road debris (via <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/help.autodesk.com\/view\/fusion360\/ENU\/courses\/AP-MECHANICAL-EVENT-SIMULATION\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">event simulation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), relatively lightweight, and accommodating to any requisite components. We might consider dimensional requirements. With CAD models, it\u2019s possible to arrange the following components in a proposed layout, prior to finalization:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fixed or surround-view sensors<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An optically-safe laser<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Connection ports for power and data set transfer<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GPS units, in some cases<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A regulated power supply unit<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/parametric-modeling-in-fusion-360-tutorial\/\">3D modeling<\/a> gives teams the ability to visualize how these components could fit together. These 3D models are typically contained within a workspace \u2014 ideally, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/overview\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a cloud-based design canvas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where teams manipulate products during development. CAD software, which enhances precision and experimentation, allows teams to tweak design parameters on the fly, mixing and matching dimensions, layouts, shaping, and more. These are easily accessible through drop-down menus, function ribbons, and input fields. Fusion 360\u2019s cloud platform enables anyone on a team to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/using-the-best-practices-in-cad-data-management\/\">access shared CAD files<\/a> from anywhere, which maximizes collaboration potential, increases visualization across remote teams, and eases strain on workflows.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rectangular and cylindrical LiDAR products are very common on the market. Consequently, these systems operate using fixed or surround-view sensors. Fixed sensors are embeddable and thus miniaturized compared to their surrounding counterparts. That component sizing is impactful on unit design \u2014 the sensor\u2019s proximity to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-adding-iot-to-your-pcb-design\/\">PCB<\/a> and other electronics will partly determine the final product\u2019s measurements.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"manufacturing-constraints\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manufacturing Constraints<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"autonomous-vehicle-on-road-lidar-sensor\" class=\"wp-image-14803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-284x160.jpg 284w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110-382x216.jpg 382w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-185933110.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two schools of thought in the autonomous driving world: design for scale or design for specialized applications. Many a LiDAR projects have arisen from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/\">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency<\/a> (DARPA) competition or research collaboration, which aren\u2019t necessarily cost limited.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, commercialized designs are aimed at widespread adoption. Production at a broader scale introduces margins, materials constraints, and supply chain quirks into the mix, and manufacturers must balance costs with availability to generate profits and meet demand. Thankfully, CAM software allows teams to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/cloud-collaboration-tips-for-remote-machinists-and-engineers\/\">input their unique constraints<\/a>. Design prototypes are automatically validated against this checklist to prevent conflicts. The right application ensures that manufacturing is sustainable in the long run.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermal-considerationsnbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thermal Considerations <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LiDAR systems emit laser energy and inherently generate heat while they are active, due in part, to the simultaneous operation of sensors and supplemental circuitry. Companies combat excessive heating through power efficiency. LiDAR units, like any other connected electronic device, draw a current while working. A linear relationship exists between this wattage demand and heat generation, and minimizing power consumption at load is essential, which is why efficient systems tend to be thermally performant.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Naturally, there are other factors that come into play, such as the number of components operating in tandem and their peak and average temperatures. Fortunately, some CAD programs offer insights into thermal performance on a per-component basis. This information helps engineers determine if component swaps or reconfigurations are needed. Thermal mapping simulations are available, which show where heat is congregating within the device over time at different workloads \u2014 hotspots may be indicative of inadequate designs.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another key factor is enclosure design. What the product\u2019s housing is made of, how well those materials conduct heat, and whether or not it provides enough breathing room for heat dissipation are all important factors to consider. CAD software may also demonstrate how variable airflow contributes to cooling and reliability. These LiDAR units are affixed to moving vehicles, after all.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"data-capture-and-product-validation\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Capture and Product Validation<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530182-1024x662.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530182-1024x662.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530182-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530182-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530182-1536x993.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530182.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ongoing designs rely upon testing data, which LiDAR sensors capture in large quantites. LiDAR laser mapping utilizes an array of projected dots; these paint a picture of the surrounding environment, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.autodesk.com\/support\/autocad-map-3d\/learn-explore\/caas\/CloudHelp\/cloudhelp\/2020\/ENU\/MAP3D-Use\/files\/GUID-7C7DD8A7-B561-45B0-A803-852E0A667F3C-htm.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">including people, vehicles, buildings, and other physical landmarks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The onboard system will evaluate these \u201cpoint clouds\u201d in real-time to promote safe operation. Engineers can take this data and determine how effectively the product in working under simulated, real-world conditions.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accordingly, this data must exist in a readable format to both humans and applications. Within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/\">Autodesk<\/a>, it\u2019s packed into an <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.safe.com\/fme\/html\/FME_Desktop_Documentation\/FME_ReadersWriters\/recap\/recap.htm\">RCS file<\/a>. RCP files (representing projects) can then reference multiple RCS files. Designers can attach this information to drawings, promoting smarter iterations. Weaknesses are identified, strengths are noted, and product refinement commences until production readiness is achieved.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"an-autonomous-future\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Autonomous Future<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530152-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"connectivity-map-smart-city-lidar\" class=\"wp-image-14805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530152-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530152-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530152-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530152-1536x877.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bigstock-207530152.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As CAVs grow increasingly ubiquitous, manufacturers will likely begin devising long-term plans to support that boom. 3D CAD and CAM applications like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/free-trial\">Fusion 360<\/a> are uniquely suited to quell uncertainties and provide objective solutions. From design to sustained production, these tools will be workhorses for stakeholders across the automotive industry. There are numerous approaches to LiDAR implementation, and while each company will champion its methods, computer-aided processes will help make all visions a reality.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Try Fusion 360 \u2014 the only complete CAD, CAM, CAE, and PCB tool \u2014 today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/free-trial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"315\" height=\"46\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Downloadfreetrial-3.png\" alt=\"free-trial\" class=\"wp-image-9421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Downloadfreetrial-3.png 315w, https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Downloadfreetrial-3-300x44.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 315px) 100vw, 315px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CAD and CAM are indispensable tools in designing complex systems. Learn more about how manufacturers and the greater autonomous market harness these applications to develop safe, reliable LiDAR.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4033,"featured_media":14801,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[52,203],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-14798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fusion","tag-cam","tag-innovation","dhig-theme--light"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Role of CAD and CAM in LiDAR - Fusion Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn more about how manufacturers and the greater autonomous market harness CAD adn CAM to develop safe, reliable LiDAR.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/cad-cam-lidar-autonomous-vehicles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Role of CAD and CAM in LiDAR - 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