{"id":1258,"date":"2017-06-28T08:00:55","date_gmt":"2017-06-28T15:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/blog\/?p=1258"},"modified":"2023-09-25T13:24:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T20:24:04","slug":"route-differential-pairs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/route-differential-pairs\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Route Differential Pairs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-route-differential-pairs-in-autodesk-eagle\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to Route Differential Pairs in Autodesk EAGLE<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re designing a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/blog\/high-speed-pcb-design\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">high speed PCB<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, then chances are you\u2019re working with the latest and most powerful technologies, like HDMI, USB3.0, Ethernet, or DDR. But with great power comes great responsibility! As a result, you\u2019ll likely be dealing with issues like electromagnetic interference (EMI) and noise.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what do you do about these problems? When you\u2019ve got a bunch of noisy signals on your board and you need a way to protect the transmission of your data then you need to be using differential pairs. In this blog we\u2019ll be looking at all of the great benefits for using differential pairs in your high speed design project, and how to route them in Autodesk EAGLE.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"its-a-dual-benefit\">It\u2019s a Dual Benefit<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Differential pairs are the physical manifestation of putting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/blog\/what-is-differential-signaling\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">differential signaling<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into action on your high speed PCB layout. Put simply, this is the process of using not just one, but two traces to transmit a signal on your board. These two traces both carry the same signal. The first trace, considered positive, carries your original signal. And the second trace, considered negative, carries the inverse of the original signal.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large size-full wp-image-1240\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/06\/07c0be30313.gif\" alt=\"single-ended-vs-differential-signal\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Here\u2019s differential signaling (bottom) and single-end signaling (top) side by side. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/blog\/what-is-differential-signaling\/\">(Image source<\/a>)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why would you ever want to carry the same signal along two traces? There are a ton of reasons, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Separating power systems.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Differential signals don\u2019t typically send a return signal to ground, and because of this, you don\u2019t need to worry about crossing over power boundaries. This can make it a lot easier to keep your power systems separate.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Reducing electromagnetic interference.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Your tightly coupled differential signals are great at resisting any EMI emissions from other noisy traces on your board layout. They also cancel out their own EMI emissions with their shared polarity and distance. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Precisely timing.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It\u2019s also a lot easier to determine what kind of logic state a differential pair is at in any given moment. If the negative trace has a higher voltage than the positive one, then it has a higher logic state, and if it\u2019s the other way around, then the pair has a low logic state. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While differential pairs do have a ton of advantages when it comes to resisting electromagnetic interference and noise, they also have some particular design rules that you need to pay attention to. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Rule 1 &#8211; Keep differential signal traces at equal lengths.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Your differential pairs are only beneficial when their lengths are kept the same, which keeps their polarity in balance. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Rule 2 &#8211; Route differential traces close together.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The closer you route your differential pairs together, the less EMI they will emit on your PCB layout.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Rule 3 &#8211; Define your impedance.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You need to always keep your differential pair impedance constant over its entire length. This will depend on the width of your traces, your copper thickness, and your layer stackup materials.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re going to avoid giving any hard and fast numbers about the design rules that we outlined above. Why? Because the constraints of your differential pairs are largely dependent on the unique composition of your design. We\u2019ll be teaching you how to route differential pairs, but defining the details in your design rules is up to you. Ready to get started? Here\u2019s how we\u2019re going to break down the routing of differential pairs in Autodesk EAGLE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Step 1 &#8211; Define Your Net Class.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You first need to create a new net class that you can use to apply width rules to your differential traces.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Step 2 &#8211; Define Your Net Names.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> You then need to change the name of your nets, so Autodesk EAGLE recognizes them as differentials. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Step 3 &#8211; Apply Your Net Class. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ll then apply the net class you created in Step 1 to each of your nets.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Step 4 &#8211; Route Your Differential Pairs.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Lastly, you\u2019ll use the Routing tool in Autodesk EAGLE to route your differential pairs to their intended destination.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-define-your-net-class\">Step 1 &#8211; Define Your Net Class<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before you start routing any differential pairs, it\u2019s a good practice to create a net class that can control the width of your traces. Net classes come in really handy when you want to apply the same set of rules for widths, drill sizes, and clearances for a group of nets on your board. Here\u2019s how to do this:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open your PCB layout (.brd) file from the <\/span><b>Autodesk EAGLE Control Panel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select <\/span><b>Edit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at the top of your interface, then choose <\/span><b>Net classes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to open the <\/span><b>Net classes dialog<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next, give your net class a name, then specify a width value. In our example, we&#8217;re giving our net class a name of \u201cdiff pairs\u201d and a width of 16 mils.<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/06\/diff-pair-net-classes.png\" alt=\"diff-pair-net-classes\" width=\"788\" height=\"530\"><br><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once your values are added select <b>OK <\/b>to save your newly created net class. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-define-your-net-names\">Step 2 &#8211; Define Your Net Names<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the most important step of setting up your nets to be routed as differential pairs. Autodesk EAGLE recognizes differential pairs by looking for matching net names. These net names need to meet three requirements:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The net names need to be identical; except a suffix on each net.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The positive net needs to have a \u201c<strong>_P<\/strong>\u201d added to the end of its name.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The negative net needs to have a \u201c<strong>_N<\/strong>\u201d added to the end of its name. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Without these requirements in place, Autodesk EAGLE won\u2019t recognize that you want to route a differential pair and will respond as it normally would when routing &#8211; by connecting only one of the nets. Here\u2019s how to change your net names:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select the <\/span><b>Name&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-489 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/02\/Name-e1498585797690.png\" alt=\"name-icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tool on the left-hand side of your interface.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Left-click on your first net to open the <\/span><b>Name dialog<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enter a name in the <\/span><b>New name: field<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and be sure to end it with _P. Then select <\/span><b>OK <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to confirm the name.<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1261\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/06\/diff-net-name.png\" alt=\"diff-net-name\" width=\"210\" height=\"140\"><br><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat this same process for the second net, giving it an identical name and adding _N at the end.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our example, we named our nets <\/span><b><i>DIFF_P<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b><i>DIFF_N<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Notice how the names are exactly identical, with the only difference being the <\/span><b><i>_P<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for positive and the <\/span><b><i>_N<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for negative. That\u2019s it, now that you have two identical net names with their unique designators, and Autodesk EAGLE will automatically recognize that you\u2019re trying to route a differential pair.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-3-apply-your-net-class\">Step 3 &#8211; Apply Your Net Class<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The last and final preparation step before routing is to apply the net class that you created in Step 1 to your two nets. Based on the class we created, this will constrain the width of our two differential traces at <\/span><b><i>16 mils<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.To apply your net class, do this:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select the <\/span><b>Info <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1263 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/06\/Info-e1498585965899.png\" alt=\"info-icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\">&nbsp;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tool on the left-hand side of your interface, then left-click on your first net to open the <\/span><b>Properties dialog<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next, left-click the <\/span><b>Net Class dropdown<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and select the new net class that you created in Step 1.<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1262\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/06\/net-class-apply.png\" alt=\"net-class-apply\" width=\"406\" height=\"453\"><br><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Last, select <b>Apply <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to save your changes and then select <\/span><b>OK <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to close the dialog.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-4-route-your-differential-pair\">Step 4 &#8211; Route Your Differential Pair<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alright, all of the prep work is now done for the two nets you want to route as a differential pair, let\u2019s do it! This process will use the same Route tool that you\u2019ve always used to route nets on your PCB layout.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select the <\/span><b>Route <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-940 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/05\/Route-e1498586047606.png\" alt=\"route-icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\">&nbsp;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tool on the left-hand side of your interface, then <strong>left-click<\/strong> on your first net.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After <strong>left-clicking<\/strong>, you should have two differential pair traces extending out from your two nets. Now drag your traces as you normally would towards their end destination.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you reach the net you want to connect to, <strong>left-click<\/strong> to finalize the connection of your differential pairs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/fusion-360\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/eagle\/2017\/06\/differential-pairs.png\" alt=\"differential-pairs\" class=\"wp-image-1264\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That\u2019s all there is to it. You have now just routed your very first differential pair in Autodesk EAGLE, take that EMI! Did everything go according to plan when you followed the steps above?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> If for some reason you tried to route and only got one trace instead of two, then double check to make sure that your net names are identical and have their respective <strong>_P<\/strong> and <strong>_N<\/strong> extensions.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"no-emi-no-cry\">No EMI, No Cry<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Differential pairs are a great tool to add to your electronics toolbox whenever you\u2019re working on a high speed design. They help resist incoming and reduce outgoing EMI, and ensures that signals get to the receiver with any cross-talk. And not only that, using differential pairs makes it easy to determine the signal\u2019s logic state, and they even have a lower voltage requirement than using single-end traces! Be sure to take advantage of them the next time you find yourself working with those modern and powerful technologies like HDMI, USB3.0, Ethernet, and more!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ready to start using differential pairs in your own high speed design project? <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.autodesk.com\/products\/eagle\/subscribe\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Try Autodesk EAGLE for free today!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Got EMI problems on your high speed PCB design? We\u2019ve got a solution. Learn how to route differential pairs in Autodesk EAGLE!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2425,"featured_media":440,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eagle","dhig-theme--light"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Route Differential Pairs in Autodesk EAGLE | EAGLE | Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to route differential pairs in Autodesk EAGLE to reduce EMI and electrical noise on your high speed PCB design project.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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