Creates a surface by sweeping one or more profile curves along one or two rail curves.
See Set up the Rail surface tool.
See Sweep generation curves along rail curves (Rail)
To sweep a curve along one or two paths
Create a new surface by sweeping or blending one or more generation curves along one or two path curves (rails).
The Rail Surface tool takes its name from its use of one or two “rail” curves. The generation curves maintain contact with the rails at the same points through the sweep, like a train traveling on a track.
The Rail Surface tool is somewhat similar to the Extrude tool, but has many more options and much more power.
The appearance of the Rail Surface icon depends on the Generation Curves and Rail Curves settings in the Rail Surface Options window.
| Icon |
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation Curves | 1 | 1 | 2/2+ | 2 | 2+ |
| Rail Curves | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
To sweep one generation curve along one rail curve
The procedure for using the Rail Surface tool has several optional steps, depending on the settings in the Rail Surface Control window.
p from the Palette.
The Rail Surface Control window appears.
You will almost always want construction history on. This allows you to change the settings after you sweep the curves.
This example uses the following Advanced Tab settings.
When you
are satisfied with the new surface, you can delete the history information with
Delete > Delete construction history
.
The generation curve can be a free curve, isopam curve, curve on surface, or trim edge.
The rail curve can be a free curve, isoparametric curve, curve on surface, or trim edge.
To sweep one or more generation curves along two rail curves
The Rail Surface Control window appears.
You will almost always want construction history on. This allows you to change the settings after you sweep the curves.
When you are satisfied with the new surface,
you can delete the history information with Delete > Delete construction history.
Set Generation Curves to the number of generation curves to use:
The generation curve(s) can be a free curve, isoparametric curve, curve on surface, or trim edge.
If Generation Curves is 2+, pick all the generation curves in order, then click Go.
The generation curve(s) must intersect both rail curves.
The rail curves can be free curves, isoparametric curves, curves on surface, or trim edges.
The generation curve’s pivot point moves along the rail curve. Since the pivot is offset from the actual generation curve, the generation curve sweeps the new surface at an offset from the rail curve.
For example, if you enter 360, the generation curve will make one full revolution as it travels the length of the rail curve.
helix curves helix curves active
r from the Palette
menu.
For example, if you enter 2, the generation curve will grow twice as large as it travels the length of the rail curve. If you enter 0.5, it will shrink by half.
To edit the construction history of a Rail surface
The Rail Surface Control window appears.
Turn on the Rebuild option for all rail curves to remove multi-knots and set the weight of all CVs to 1 before creating the surface.
For example, if you turn on the Curve Segments option after you have already picked the generation curve, you will not be asked to define curve segments. However, after the surface is built, text boxes will appear in the Rail Surface Control window where you can change the start and end parameters for the curve segments. You can also click the Next button and start again.
To change the Curve Fit Distance option, choose Construction Options from the Preferences menu.
In these cases, try reversing the choice of generation and rail curves, and choose the shorter, simpler curves for the generation curves and long, winding curves as the rails.
Sweep one generation curve along the rail curves.
Blend between a start and end generation curve along the rail curves. Use the Gen. Blend Value slider to control the midpoint of the blend.
Blend between a series of generation curves along the rail curves.
The number of paths to sweep the generation curve(s) along: either 1 or 2. The default setting is 2.
Setting Rail Curves to 1 is similar to using the original Swept tool (in AliasStudio 9.5). Setting Rail Curves to 2 is similar to using the original Birail tool.
The Continuity Table displays one row for each boundary curve involved in the rail operation.
For example, before creating the surface, rebuild the first rail curve, second rail curve, first generation curve, and/or last generation curve. (To rebuild interior generation curves, use the Rebuild Interior Gen. Curves option below.)
This can improve the parameterization and reduce the complexity of the new surface when the curves are complex.
Rebuilding curves can also remove multi-knots and reset the weight of all CVs in the rail curve(s) to 1. This is necessary for rail curves with multi-knots or CV weights.
Only keep positional continuity. This is the default.
Try to keep tangency with an implied surface that shares this edge. The implied surface is the surface that would be created by mirroring the new surface.
This is a powerful feature. It lets you model one half of a symmetrical surface (such as a car body), and maintain continuity at the seam. When you duplicate the surface to create the other half, the seam will already be continuous. For this to work across a symmetry plane, you must make sure the ends of the curves are tangent across the symmetry plane (that is, the tangents are perpendicular to the symmetry plane).
Try to keep tangency at an angle with a surface that shares this edge.
The Rail Surface tool calculates the tangent angle at both ends of the common edge. If the two angles are different, Rail Surface blends between them to determine the angle to keep at every point along the edge.
A tangent angle of 0.0 (or 180, -180, 360) is equivalent to Tangent continuity.
Try to keep tangency with a surface that shares this edge.
Try to keep curvature continuity with a surface that shares this edge.
Rebuilds all interior generation curves. This option is only available when Generation Curves is 2+.
This option is only available either when Rail Curves is 1 or when Rail Curves is 2 and at least one rail curve is being rebuilt.
Rebuild the rail curves to create a surface with proportionally spaced spans and smooth parameterization based on the first rail curve.
This option is only available when Rail Curves is 2 and at least one rail curve is being rebuilt.
As the generation curve sweeps along the rail, it pivots to maintain the same angle relative to the rail curve.
This option is only available when Rail Curves is 1. It has the same effect as the Tube option in the Extrude tool..
As the generation curve sweeps along the rail, it maintains its original orientation.
This option is only available when Rail Curves is 1. It has the same effect as the Flat option in the Extrude tool.
As the generation curve sweeps along the rail, it only rotates in one plane (choose the plane with the Sweep Projection pop-up menu). This maintains the visual angle between the generation and rail curves.
Use a spine curve to control the orientation of the generation curve as it sweeps along the rail.
This option controls the plane in which the generation curve is allowed to rotate when the Sweep Mode is View.
This option appears when Sweep Mode is View.
Take the rotation plane from the current view window.
Use a global plane (XY, XZ, or YZ) as the rotation plane.
Type a 3D vector in the View Plane text boxes to define a plane.
This option is only available when Rail Curves is 1.
Sweeping involves two pivot points:
The generation curve rotates around and scales from this point.
In other words, the part of the surface corresponding to this point on the rail curve will have the exact cross section of the generation curve.
You can have Rail Surface set the pivot points automatically (as in Extrude), or set them manually for the generation and rail curves.
Set the pivots to the closest points on the two curves.
This option is the default. It works best when the generation curve is close to the start or end points of the rail curve.
Set the pivots to specific parameters on the two curves.
Set the pivots to a specific parameter on the rail curve and a 3D point in space for the generation curve.
This option controls how the Rail Surface tool modifies the generation curves to stay on the rail curves during the sweep. It is only available when Rail Curves is 2.
Scale the generation curve proportionally, to the size necessary for the curve to stay on both rails.
Scale the generation curve non-proportionally, along the vector connecting the rail curves.
Rotate the generation curve around the intersection with the first rail curve, so that the generation curve stays on both rails. Trim away any part of the new surface that goes beyond either rail curve. The generation curve is not scaled.
This option only applies when Generation Curves is 1.
Rotate the generation curve around the intersection with the first rail curve, so that the generation curve stays on both rails. The generation curve is not scaled.
This option only applies when Generation Curves is 1.
Enable the Gen. Blend Value slider to control the midpoint of the blend between the two generation curves.
This option appears when Generation Curves is 2.
The percentage of the distance (from 0 to 1) along the rails where the influence of both generation curves is equal.
For example, a value of 0.5 (the default) blends the two curves equally, so that the halfway point of the blend occurs at the midpoint of the rails.
A value of 0.25 places the halfway point of the blend 25% of the distance along the rail curves, hence giving more influence to the second generation curve. Conversely, a value of 0.75 would give more influence to the first generation curve.
The values 0.0 and 1.0 still blend the two curves a minimum amount.
This option determines which of the curves will be moved in order to make the two pivot points coincide before the sweep. This in turn controls where the new surface will be created.
This option is only available when Rail Curves and Generation Curves are both 1.
Keep the generation curve fixed and move the rail. The new surface is built beginning at the generation curve.
Keep the rail fixed and move the generation curve. The new surface is built along the rail curve.
These options are only available when Rail Curves and Generation Curves are both 1.
The degree of rotation as the generation curve sweeps along the rail curve.
For example, if Rotate Transform is 45, the generation curve will rotate 45 degrees as it sweeps along the length of the rail curve. Use negative numbers to rotate in the opposite direction.
The scale factor as the generation curve sweeps along the rail curve.
For example, if Scale Transform is 2, the generation curve will double in size as it sweeps along the length of the rail curve. If Scale Transform is 0.5, the generation curve will shrink by half as it sweeps.
This option only applies when Generation Curves is 1.
Specify sections of the generation and rail curves to use in the sweep.
When this option is on, you will be prompted during the sweep procedure to click start and end edit points on the first rail curve and possibly (depending on the other settings) on the second rail and/or the generation curve.
After the surface is built:
or
Use the Rail 1 Segment and Rail 2 Segment text boxes to change the start and end parameters of the rail curves.
Turn on this option to open the Explicit Control Options section that allows you to explicitly specify the degree and number of spans of the rail surface in both the U and V direction.
These options are available only when Explicit Control is on.
Degree of the rail surface in the U direction (along the rail curves).
Degree of the rail surface in the V direction (along the generation curves).
Number of spans of the rail surface in the U direction.
Number of spans of the rail surface in the V direction.
Specify the maximum number of spans that can be added to the surface (in both the U and V direction) when attempting to maintain the requested levels of continuity.
If this number is too small, continuity may fail along some of the edges.
Max. New Spans is not available when Explicit Control is turned on.
On—Insert extra edit points at the midpoint of the span with the largest continuity deviation. This is the default, and results in a better distribution of the isoparametric curves.
Off—Insert extra edit points at the location of the largest continuity deviation.
Insert at Midpoint is not available when Explicit Control is turned on.
Check the boundaries across which you want the isoparametric curves of the new surface to line up with adjacent surfaces.
This is similar to turning off Skews in the Align tool.
Save the history of the new surface for later editing. If you turn Create History on, you can modify the curves that were used to create the surface, and the surface will update.
Update the new surface automatically as you change the values in the Rail Surface Control window.
Label the generation, rail, and spine curves in the view windows. The labels also show
Display the surface continuity locator at the
boundaries between the rail surface and adjacent surfaces. The locator
is persistent and will remain after you exit from the Rail
Surface tool. To remove it, use Pick > Locator
to pick the locator, then
select Del > active, or toggle
the checkmark off when entering Rail Surface tool
again.
Recalculate the surface with the current values in the Rail Surface Control window.
Finish the current surface and prompt for new curves.
